What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
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What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
I understand that JPA 2 is a specification and Hibernate is a tool for ORM. Also, I understand that Hibernate has more features than JPA 2. But from a practical point of view, what really is the difference?
I have experience using iBatis and now I'm trying to learn either Hibernate or JPA2. I picked up Pro JPA2 book and it keeps referring to "JPA provider". For example:
If you think a feature should be standardized, you should speak up and request it from your JPA provider
This confuses me so I have a few questions:
- Using JPA2 alone can I fetch data from DB by simply annotating my POJO's
- Is JPA2 supposed to be used with a "JPA Provider" e.g TopLink or Hibernate? If so, then what's the benefit of using JPA2 + Hibernate as compared to Hibernate alone?
- Can you recommend a good practical JPA2 book. "Pro JPA2" seems more like a bible and reference on JPA2 (It doesn't get into Queries until the later half of the book). Is there a book that takes a problem/solution approach to JPA2?
Answer by Kevin Bowersox for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
As you state JPA is just a specification, meaning there is no implementation. You can annotate your classes as much as you would like with JPA annotations, however without an implementation nothing will happen. Think of JPA as the guidelines that must be followed or an interface, while Hibernate's JPA implementation is code that meets the API as defined by the JPA specification and provides the under the hood functionality.
When you use Hibernate with JPA you are actually using the Hibernate JPA implementation. The benefit of this is that you can swap out Hibernate's implementation of JPA for another implementation of the JPA specification. When you use straight Hibernate you are locking into the implementation because other ORMs may use different methods/configurations and annotations, therefore you cannot just switch over to another ORM.
For a more detailed explanation of this answer read my blog entry.
Answer by ManuPK for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
From the Wiki.
Motivation for creating the Java Persistence API
Many enterprise Java developers use lightweight persistent objects provided by open-source frameworks or Data Access Objects instead of entity beans: entity beans and enterprise beans had a reputation of being too heavyweight and complicated, and one could only use them in Java EE application servers. Many of the features of the third-party persistence frameworks were incorporated into the Java Persistence API, and as of 2006 projects like Hibernate (version 3.2) and Open-Source Version TopLink Essentials have become implementations of the Java Persistence API.
As told in the JCP page the Eclipse link is the Reference Implementation for JPA. Have look at this answer for bit more on this.
JPA itself has features that will make up for a standard ORM framework. Since JPA is a part of Java EE spec, you can use JPA alone in a project and it should work with any Java EE compatible Servers. Yes, these servers will have the implementations for the JPA spec.
Hibernate is the most popular ORM framework, once the JPA got introduced hibernate conforms to the JPA specifications. Apart from the basic set of specification that it should follow hibernate provides whole lot of additional stuff.
Answer by kandarp for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is a specification to standardize ORM-APIs. Hibernate is a vendor of a JPA implementation. So if you use JPA with hibernate, you can use the standard JPA API, hibernate will be under the hood, offering some more non standard functions. See http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/entitymanager/reference/en/html_single/ and http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/stable/annotations/reference/en/html_single/
Answer by supernova for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is just a specification which needs concrete implementation. The default implementation oracle provide is "Eclipselink" now. (Toplink is donated by Oracle to Eclipse foundation to merge with eclipselink)
(Reference : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/toplink/index-085257.html http://www.eclipse.org/org/press-release/20080317_Eclipselink.php )
Using Eclipselink, one can be sure that the code is portable to any implementation if need arises. Hibernate is also a full JPA implementation + MORE ( Sort of JPA Plus). Hibernate is super set of JPA with some extra Hibernate specific functionality. So app developed in Hibernate may not be compatible when switched to other implementation. Still hibernate is choice of majority of developers as JPA implementation and widely used.
Another JPA implementation is OpenJPA (openjpa.apache.org) which is an extension of Kodo implementation.
Answer by Badal for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is a Java API specification which describes the management of relational data in applications using Java Platform. where as Hibernate is a ORM (Object Relational Mapping) library which follows JPA specification.
You can think JPA as a set of Rules which is implemented by Hibernate.
Answer by johnm for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is the dance, Hibernate is the dancer.
Answer by Ken Block for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
Some things are too hard to understand without a historical perspective of the language and understanding of the JCP.
Often there are third parties that develop packages that perform a function or fill a gap that are not part of the official JDK. For various reasons that function may become part of the Java JDK through the JCP (Java Community Process)
Hibernate (in 2003) provided a way to abstract SQL and allow developers to think more in terms of persisting objects (ORM). You notify hibernate about your Entity objects and it automatically generates the strategy to persist them. Hibernate provided an implementation to do this and the API to drive the implementation either through XML config or annotations.
The fundamental issue now is that your code becomes tightly coupled with a specific vendor(Hibernate) for what a lot of people thought should be more generic. Hence the need for a generic persistence API.
Meanwhile, the JCP with a lot of input from Hibernate and other ORM tool vendors was developing JSR 220 (Java Specification Request) which resulted in JPA 1.0 (2006) and eventually JSR 317 which is JPA 2.0 (2009). These are specifications of a generic Java Persistence API. The API is provided in the JDK as a set of interfaces so that your classes can depend on the javax.persistence and not worry about the particular vendor that is doing the work of persisting your objects. This is only the API and not the implementation. Hibernate now becomes one of the many vendors that implement the JPA 2.0 specification. You can code toward JPA and pick whatever compliant ORM vendor suits your needs.
There are cases where Hibernate may give you features that are not codified in JPA. In this case, you can choose to insert a Hibernate specific annotation directly in your class since JPA does not provide the interface to do that thing.
Source: http://www.reddit.com/r/java/comments/16ovek/understanding_when_to_use_jpa_vs_hibernate/
Answer by sus007 for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is just a specification.In market there are many vendors which implements JPA. Different types of vendors implement JPA in different way. so different types of vendors provide different functionality so choose proper vendor based on your requirements.
If you are using Hibernate or any other vendors instead of JPA than you can not easily move to hibernate to EclipseLink or OpenJPA to Hibernate.But If you using JPA than you just have to change provide in persistence XML file.So migration is easily possible in JPA.
Answer by peethanAbhilash for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
Here is a one of the best article read on the subject. In this long 7 page article the difference with pros / cons between iBatis/Hibernate/JPA being described.
Kudos to the article contributors
For JPA spec section start reading from Page 5.. else start from scratch from here :
Answer by Aleksey Bykov for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
Java - its independence is not only from the operating system, but also from the vendor.
Therefore, you should be able to deploy your application on different application servers. JPA is implemented in any Java EE- compliant application server and it allows to swap application servers, but then the implementation is also changing. A Hibernate application may be easier to deploy on a different application server.
Answer by Yasir Shabbir Choudhary for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
Hibernate is a JPA provider.
The page JPA Vs Hibernate by Krishna Srinivasan says:
JPA is a specification for accessing, persisting and managing the data between Java objects and the relational database. As the definition says its API, it is only the specification. There is no implementation for the API. JPA specifies the set of rules and guidelines for developing the interfaces that follows standard. Straight to the point : JPA is just guidelines to implement the Object Relational Mapping (ORM) and there is no underlying code for the implementation. Where as, Hibernate is the actual implementation of JPA guidelines. When hibernate implements the JPA specification, this will be certified by the JPA group upon following all the standards mentioned in the specification. For example, JPA guidelines would provide information of mandatory and optional features to be implemented as part of the JPA implementation.
Answer by Ujwal Daware for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA and Hibernate Difference
JPA is a specification for accessing, persisting and managing the data between Java objects and the relational database. As the definition says its API, it is only the specification. There is no implementation for the API. JPA specifies the set of rules and guidelines for developing the interfaces that follows standard. Straight to the point : JPA is just guidelines to implement the Object Relational Mapping (ORM) and there is no underlying code for the implementation.
Where as, Hibernate is the actual implementation of JPA guidelines. When hibernate implements the JPA specification, this will be certified by the JPA group upon following all the standards mentioned in the specification. For example, JPA guidelines would provide information of mandatory and optional features to be implemented as part of the JPA implementation.
Hibernate is a JPA provider. When there is new changes to the specification, hibernate would release its updated implementation for the JPA specification.
Answer by Vlad Mihalcea for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is the interface while Hibernate is the implementation.
Traditionally there have been multiple Java ORM solutions:
each implementation defining its own mapping definition or client API. The JPA expert group gathered the best of all these tools and so they created the Java Persistence API standard.
A standard persistence API is very convenient from a client point of view, making it relatively easy to switch one implementation with the other (although in practice it's not that simple, because on large projects you'll have to use specific non-standard features anyway).
The standard JPA has pushed Java ORM competition to a new level and this can only lead to better implementations.
All JPA implementations (e.g. Hibernate, EclipseLink) are still offering extra-JPA features (more advanced DDL schema generation options, enhanced identifier generators: pooled-lo optimizer, more optimistic locking types) as both a competitive advantage and to address large enterprise application persistence requirements.
Answer by Thiago Burgos for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is the interface, Hibernate is one implementation of that interface.
Answer by vkrishna17 for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA : is just like an interface and have no concrete implementation of it to use functions which are there in JPA.
Hibernate : is just a JPA Provider which have the implementation of the functions in JPA and can have some extra functions which might not be there in JPA.
TIP : you can use
*combo 1* : JPA + JPA Provider(Hibernate) *combo 2* : only Hiberante which does not need any interface Combo 1 : is used when you feel that your hibernate is not giving better performance and want to change JPA Provider that time you don't have to write your JPA once again. You can write another JPA Provider ... and can change as many times you can.
Combo 2 : is used very less as when you are not going change your JPA Provider at any cost.
Visit http://blog-tothought.rhcloud.com//post/2, where your complete confusion will get clear.
Answer by codechefvaibhavkashyap for What's the difference between JPA and Hibernate?
JPA is JSR i.e. Java Specification Requirement to implement Object Relational Mapping which has got no specific code for its implementation. It defines certain set of rules for for accessing, persisting and managing the data between Java objects and the relational databaseWith its introduction, EJB was replaced as It was criticized for being heavyweight by the Java developer community. Hibernate is one of the way JPA can be implemented using te guidelines.Hibernate is a high-performance Object/Relational persistence and query service which is licensed under the open source GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) .The benefit of this is that you can swap out Hibernate's implementation of JPA for another implementation of the JPA specification. When you use straight Hibernate you are locking into the implementation because other ORMs may use different methods/configurations and annotations, therefore you cannot just switch over to another ORM.
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